A Political Speech on Guantanamo Bay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Political Speech on Guantanamo Bay - Essay Example Notwithstanding, the leftovers of the war will never settle and will perpetually threaten our psyches as we attempt to proceed onward. Why - in light of the fact that we would never settle of the way that some time or another we will pay for all the torment and enduring we have caused to other people. The blade of Damocles balances high over our heads as we take in the Prisoners of War at our own kindness and removal. In the appearance of national security we look to deliver torment and torment on the detainees to extricate what - data to legitimize their quality in camps like Guantanamo Bay in Cuba As POW's, these men are the insignificant overlooked and superfluous troopers made-manikins of another eager man employing a type of intensity. These men are common people simply like each American trooper we send to fight. They had homes and families who dealt with them before being evacuated to battle for a reason and we are gradually depleting them of their ability to have typical existences. Like onlookers in a brutal demonstration of solidarity, we invest wholeheartedly in stripping them of the last remnants of rati onal soundness. Rather than sustaining these men to delete potential hints of loathe, we are summoning the basic nature of man to retaliate and shield. We attempt to affront an individual's confidence and his entitlement to religion and what do we bring to the table consequently We are occupied with unlimited contentions over the detainees in Guantanamo yet right now, we can never demonstrate whi

Revelation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

What your remote employees can do to protect your network

What your remote employees can do to protect your network Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!What your remote employees can do to protect your networkUpdated On 28/11/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : SecurityShort URL : https://hbb.me/2KDeDX7 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog6 Tips for remote employeesThanks to increased use of technology in work, it has enabled a lot of persons to work less and less from the office. What this means is that we now have more persons working from the comfort of their homes, a coffee shop, hotel or some other remote location of their choosing.This ability to work from anywhere gives employees the needed flexibility, and for the employers, it means they can enjoy the services of talents from around the world without having to worry about the overhead occasioned from staffing.Despite the many advantages of having employees work remotely, these advantages come at a cost, usually, in the form of data security. Normally, having your employees work in a traditional office space means you can monitor what comes in and goes out of your company’s network â€" the IT team can catch viruses early, password changes can be forced upon employees using auto-reminders, and regular security checks means you catch issues early and deal with them.However, with remote employees, you lose all of this control, and it leaves your network open to virus attacks, cyber leaks and all other forms of cyber threats. When things like this happen, financial, legal and reputational problems may result. Therefore, you need to have a system in place to protect your network when you have employees working remotely. You employees should follow the things below to protect your network.1. Protect their Devices at all TimesOften, most data-stealing malware that affects devices arrive via the web or email and to reduce the chances of a security breach you have to restrict access to personal web browsing and email. However, enforcing this is cost ly and can be difficult. Therefore, to protect your network, you have to ensure your employees use the latest versions of all applications and install security patches as soon as they are released. You can also manage things from your end by activating automatic updates from software makers.2. Limit the use of Public Wi-FiInternet on public Wi-Fi is provided from unknown servers, and this means security is not guaranteed. This makes the network susceptible to hackers since anyone can access it; therefore, you should have a standing order which forbids your employees from sending or receiving sensitive information over public Wi-Fi. As with public Wi-Fi, so too is cyber café, your employees should not conduct company business with them.READI'm In The Cloud; Now What!?3. Employ Cloud ServicesBy employing cloud-based applications in your office tasks, it allows your employees to work from any location and transfers the burden of managing data security to the cloud service providers wh o usually are more equipped to handle it.The cloud-based service provider gives you safe virtual storage and working space while your employees manage passwords. You should ensure your employees use strong passwords as this helps keep data secure. In fact, you can employ cloud applications to secure employees access to the web, and there are quite a number of companies which offer these services.4. Limit the use of External StorageExternal storage devices like USBs can easily be misplaced so your remote employees should restrict their use and if they must be used to house only non-sensitive information.Beyond this, USB devices can be used by hackers to install malware on your computer so your remote employees should avoid using a friend or stranger’s USB on their laptop.5. Get Education on Security TrainingSome companies may be tempted to give employees the benefit of the doubt by assuming they know how to manage security. However, this should not be the case as employees should b e mandated to take up basic security courses which would teach them how to handle suspicious emails and links and to understand what a secure password should be like. It is important employees understand that work computers are for the company and not for personal use, therefore, should be treated as such.6. Install Encryption SoftwareLost and stolen devices can pose a source of danger in the wrong hands, but you can lessen this risk with encryption software which bars unauthorized users from accessing the device.Also, you can install remote wipes on your devices so data on them can be erased in case they go missing.In conclusion, although remote workers can save the company money in terms of expenditure on overhead, they can also pose a risk to the firm especially if they use office devices for personal use. Therefore as a company, you have to put measures in place to handle staff remotely while remote workers should do their bit in adhering with safety measures.

Legality vs. Human Bonding in A Jury of Her Peers Essay

In quot;A Jury of Her Peersquot; Susan Glaspell shows how human bonding can override legalities that society has. This is shown by Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters bonding with Minnie by understanding her daily life as they are in her home. The two women feel a connection with Minnie because their lives are very similar to that of hers. By the two women understanding and having a connection with Minnie they notice the small trifles that leads to them finding evidence and motive for Minnie murdering her husband. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters were only in Minnies home for a short period of time yet this revealed to them that Minnie was much like them. As Mrs. Hale was leaving her house to go with the others to Minnies house she noticed†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Hale takes up for Minnie when the county attorney is washing his hands. quot; Dirty towels! Not much of a housekeeper, would you say ladies? He kicked his foot against some dirty pans under the sink. Theres a great deal of work to be done on a farm, said Mrs. Hale stiffly.quot; (paragraph 80). Mrs. Hale knows how much work goes into being a farmers wife and doesnt like the county attorney criticizing Minnie on her housework. Mrs. Peters is the sheriffs wife and in the beginning of the story she believes that quot;the law is the lawquot;. (paragraph 143). As the story progresses, Mrs. Peters gains a better understanding of what life was like for Minnie and relates with her after the dead bird is found. quot;When I was a girl, said Mrs. Peters, under her breath, my kitten -- there was a boy took a hatchet, and before my eyes -- before I could get there -- she covered her face an instant. If they hadnt held me back I would have -- she caught herself, looked upstairs where footsteps were heard, and finished weakly -- hurt him. quot;(paragraph 242). After Mrs. Peters has told Mrs. Hale this, she tells her something else that shows she is bonding with Minnie. quot;I know what stillness is, she said, in a queer, monotonous voice. When we were homesteaded in Dakota, and my first baby died -- after he was two years old -- and me with no other then --.quot; (paragraph 254). Glaspell shows that Mrs. Peters is under standing and bondingShow MoreRelatedOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 PagesHuman Resource Management (MGT501) VU MGT - 501 T his subject/course is designed to teach the basic principles of Human Resource Management (HRM) to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of HRM whether you intend to work in HRM or not, most of these elements will affect you at some point in your career. Either you will be working with some organizationsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesUnderstanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction

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American National Interests The Mission of Homeland Security

American National Interests With the continued globalization, there are various concerns that the USA come across and will continue to encounter over the next few years. These challenges will become more pronounced with the continued fluidity of populations across the world due to the continued globalization. Some of the major concerns that the USA will definitely have at the national and even international level are the successful war on terrorism, adequate Homeland security and the fast rising unemployment rate as an aftermath of the recession. Homeland security is entrusted with ensuring that the local population within the USA borders is all safe at all times and this includes adequate preparation for any emergency, safety of each member of the community during and after an emergency. The jurisdiction of the Homeland security is quite wide, ranging from border security, aviation safety, emergency response, cyber security as well as chemical facility safety among many others. There are a wide range of duties within this department. But the goal is one, that of keeping America safe (U.S Department of Homeland Security, 2011). This has been and will continue to be one of the core concerns of America in the next five or so years. Without the safety of the American population during disasters, then the homeland security shall have failed in executing their duties. To advance the aspect of homeland security, the department has and will continue to implement internalShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Homeland Security And Homeland Defense1261 Words   |  6 Pagesnecessary tools in the service of our national purpose.†(Napolitano, 2010, p.iv) In the wake of the September 11th, 2001 attacks our nation has taken upon itself extreme vigilance to ensure the security and defense of the American people. The relationship between homeland security and homeland defense is one that is tightly knit. Each has a very distinct mission set but somewhere along the spectrum they cross over and mutually support each other in the best interest of the nation. Like Secretary NapolitanoRead MoreHomeland Security1093 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"How much freedom are Americans willing to give up for safety from terrorists?† We the people of the United States are willing to give away our natural born rights to be a safer nation. Millions of innocent l ives were lost on 9-11-01. A problem not widely discussed in the United States much until September 11, 2001 the date of the attack from terrorist organizations on the world trade centers’ New York towers in New York City. The United States of America has not worried much about self-defense orRead MoreNational Intelligence Reform And Terrorism Prevention Act Of 20041659 Words   |  7 PagesHomeland Security is the intersection of evolving threats and hazards with traditional government and its responsibilities for civil defense emergency response law enforcement, customs border control and immigration. Moreover, the term â€Å"enterprise† is a national effort that refers to the collective efforts and shared responsibilities of federal, state local, tribal, territorial, nongovernmental and private-sector partners as well as individuals ( U.S. Department of Homland Security, 2010). SinceRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Terrorism1206 Words   |  5 PagesHomelan d security can be seen as a loosely based term as it is still a relatively new area of the United States strategy. Since its creation, post September 11, 2001, there has been a plethora of additions and revisions. The homeland mission lies not only within a specific agency, but demands collected participation from U.S. agencies and foreign entities to remain strong, efficient and innovative. One can examine homeland security as having the responsibility of maintaining and protecting the UnitedRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security1602 Words   |  7 PagesDepartment of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security is an agency made up of 22 different federal agencies which were combined in an effort to streamline the United States effectiveness in defending our nation. The core mission of the Department of Homeland Security include prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, ensure resilience to disasters (Department of Homeland Security, 2015)Read MoreHomeland Security And The Security1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined to the point it is today. The Homeland Security Department is a fairly new program which is constantly improving and adjusting in accordance to the threats that may arise. In the attempt to secure the United States, homeland security has become paramount and a lot of emphasis is being provided so as to ensure the safety of the borders and the citizens of the United States. So one must ponder what the difference between homeland security and homeland defense are since they both tend to meanRead MoreIntelligence And The Homeland Security1205 Words   |  5 Pagesthe capabilities and limitations of intelligence in supporting homeland security efforts? While the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is one, centralized agency, securing the homeland involves the cooperation and collaboration of many, different agencies and organizations ranging from local law enforcement to national agencies such as the NSA, CIA, and FBI. Each of these agencies contributes to the development of homeland security intelligence. By carefully analyzing and commenting on the objectivesRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1390 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think homeland security and homeland defense are the same thing, but that is incorrect. Both have played a role in keeping America safe, but after 9/11 that role expanded greatly. The U.S. was determined to prevent another catastrophic attack from unfolding while searching the globe for those responsible. In a world constantly evolving, our enemies and their tactics evolve with it. To effectively combat the incredible amount of threats America faces, many federal entities and mission obj ectivesRead MoreThe Preservation Of Life And The Right1557 Words   |  7 Pagesexamples of both security and defense for the world to emulate. The United States continues to become the focal point of attacks by an enemy who sees America as a â€Å"cesspool of evil† that needs to be eradicated. This hatred is not limited to one region or area of the world or its people that inhabit them. Whether the attack is physical or through an avenue that cannot be seen, such as a cyber attack, a growing number of threats and attacks threaten the very core of what American Ideology is all aboutRead MoreThe Homeland Security Act Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesThe Homeland Security Act of 2002 impacted the American people without many of them realizing it. The act called for increased monitoring of computer networks, phone lines, and online history inside the United States and allowed the government to deport suspects (ACLU). What was created by the act has snaked its way into all aspects of our lives, creating a sense of order and restricting some freedom. However, some say that this imposition into our daily lives limits our freedoms and actions allowed

Influencing and Making Decisions Field of Management

Question: Describe about the Influencing and Making Decisions for the Field of Management. Answer: Introduction Globalization is the term used everywhere in the present business scenario. It has bought the world closer to each other which have lead to emergence of new techniques. This has created multiple problems in the field of management. The problem solving procedure starts with decision making by recognizing the problems, understanding the continuous pressure to act upon it, and finally resolution of problem. This procedure is undertaken by the managers whose key role is to identify the problem and finding a relevant solution. It is managed through good decision making planning to evaluate the result. A good decision is eventually made through logical thinking. They are the assumptions which are formulated after evaluating the problem. It helps in benefitting the organizational strategy through problem solving(Chai, J., Liu, J.N. and Ngai, E.W., 2013). Decision makingis a method of making preferences by recognizing adecision by collecting information, and finding a resolution. Gradualdeci sion-making processhelps in making more premeditated, consideratedecisionsby systematize appropriate in sequence and significant substitute. Successful decisions helps in making revenue to the company whereas unsuccessful decisions causes loss. Hence effective corporate decision making is the most important process in an organization (How to Make Decisions, 2016). Overview In the decision making process the manager chooses one desired action from the given suitable situation which suites the most. The manager executes the decision by using various decision making techniques, tools etc. additional decisions are made keeping in mind the goal of the organization. Decision making is a difficult process which involves dissatisfaction of various parties whose interest is involved with the decision. The performance of an individual is affected by the various factors which are attached with the problem. There are various factors that affect the overall productivity under given circumstances, Psychological decision making involves individual decision making in the context of his needs, preference and priorities. Cognitive decision making is a result of constant development of respective surrounding and environment. Normative decision making deals with an individual knowledge concerned with logics, choices etc (Bouyssou ET al.2013). A major part in a decision making process requires analytical evaluation of various terms which describes the finite series. Another task is to systematically ranking of the various tasks attached with the problem. The decision maker has to find the most relevant option to resolve the issue relate to the problem(s) after analyzing each criterion related to the problem. Next task is to locate the best alternative to resolve the current situation. The idea of decision making has attracted many people as it helps in increasing the overall productivity. Multiple-criteria decision analysis gives different result when applied to different data. It leads to formulation of the decision-making paradox. Rationaldecision-making is a part science-based occupation which requires skilled knowledge to be applied in order to receive the relevant result. For example: In medical decision making specialized knowledge is required to resolve the problem. Whereas naturalistic decision-making process refle cts that in circumstances with advanced time pressure, elevated hazards, or bigger uncertainties, specialist may exercisespontaneousdecision-making rather than planned approaches. They use those experiences which help in quick decision making by putting the remedy as per prevailing situation. Social surrounding play a major role in decision making process as it reflects the thought process of decision-maker. Environmental difficulty causes a cognitive action. A complicated environment leads to majority of different situation which affects the number of situations related to a problem. A study shows that more complex environment leads to the cognitive decision. The decisions are majorly affected by the social environment largely. It causes a great fluctuation in the behavior of an individual. Majority of decisions are arrived due to the respective surrounding where a person works with his team. Decision Making Process Decision making process is an important decision to be undertaken differ the long term benefit of the organization. There are 8 relevant steps necessary to be followed for achieving success in decision making. Every step has to incorporate different set of techniques and tools to achieve the desired result. Step 1 Recognition of the reason of the decision The first step is related to identification of the problem to be analyzed. A though analysis of situation is required to retrieve the result. It is recommended to ask couple of question while identifying the issue related to the given situation. What are the crises? Why is recommended to resolve the problem? Who all are affected by the current crisis? Does the situation have a limited time period or not? Step 2 Collecting information There are various stakeholders whos inters t lies with the interest of the organization. There is numerous numbers of factors which are attached with the current situation. Each factor need to be given equal attention while moving further decision problem of an organization. It is necessary to gather ample of information related to the situation for finding the relevant situation. Check list is an effective tool used to gather information related to compilation of the problem. Step 3 Principles for judging the alternatives Finding an alternative is an appropriate function while choosing a desired goal. Organizational goal and corporate culture is given priority while considering the relevant option. For example: profit is a major concern in the process of decision making. Baseline principle is important to be identified while choosing a particular alternative. Step 4 Devise and analyze the different choices It is advised to derive multiple solutions before implementing it. Understanding of problem is essential before implementing the desired solution. Managers use Cause-and-Effect diagrams and Pareto Chart tool. Cause-and-Effect relationship diagram helps to identify all probable grounds of the crisis. Pareto chart assists to the manager by setting the relationship in between the cause and effect. Later one can find the probable solution that gives the maximum result within the stipulate time. Step 5 Estimation of substitutes Judgment principles and decision-making criteria are used to assess each alternative. Knowledge and efficiency of the decision philosophy helps in effective implementation of the policies. Each alternative need to be compared for understanding the positives and negatives related to the object. Step 6 Choosing the best option Its essential to apply the relevant solution as per the given alternative. After effective assessment of individual step it is recommended to implement the most appropriate step to achieve the desired result. Step 7 Implementing the choice Second last step involves converting of the problem into a relevant situation pertaining to the environment. It is necessary to implement the relevant choice as per the desired solution. Step 8 Evaluate the results The final step is related to evaluation of the desired result by implementing the appropriate solution to the problem. It help in future relevancy related to the executing a decision at a future date. Why Decision-making Matters Decision-making is an important activity to be undertaken in order to find the truthful fascinating solution to a problem. It is an ability to make effective decisions that are balanced, knowledgeable, and mutual to strongly balance the organizational goals. Effective decision-making is a pivotal role for achieving success. It requires finding the best suitable option out of various available options. The manager weighs various paths to derive an appropriate result. Decision making style Factors affecting decision making There are various factors which affect the decision making in an organization. It involves past experience, various cognitive biases, an escalation of commitment and outcomes, which includes age and socio-economic status. These things affect the decision making procedure. Past decision making affect the future decisions made by an individual. It is believed that if a person achieve a positive result due to some past decision, he is more likely to take similar decision in future. People tend to avoid mistakes in past. It is not necessary that the decision based on past experience is not always good. In case of financial decision making the decision are made only by considering the present situation rather than the past decision(Nutt and Wilson,2010).Cognitive biases influence people by causing them to rely on the past knowledge and experience. The cognitive decision helps in taking more stable decision rather than any other individual approach. People tend to spend more time money and effort to that decisions which requires high level of efficiency. They take more risky decision if they feel responsible for the sunk cost related to the object. Some individual differences also affect the decision making. Researcher states that age, socio-economic status affects the decision taking ability of an individual. It is believed that old people are more overconfident regarding the ability to make decisions. It is also stated in the research that older adult s tend to prefer lesser choices as compared to the younger adults (Decision-Making Styles, 2016). There are numerous perspectives for achieving an effective decision making. There are various key points in decision making theory that are essential for revealing different styles related to decision making. Decision making style is of three types: Psychological needs A decision is derived from the needs and desires of the individual while making the decision. The decision making depends upon the individual understanding. The individual gives preference to the basic needs adjoined with his behavioral pattern. A person tends to take only those decisions which he thinks are most preferable. Psychological decision making helps in indicating the mental condition of an individual while making significant decisions regarding the particular situation. Psychological needs are the rational needs that induce an individual to attain goals as per his choice.They are different from material needs, which are more relevant related to the materialistic comfort (Decision Making, 2016). Cognitive decision There is a relevant relationship in between the environment and individual. Decisions affect the environment which on other hand affects the long term productivity of an organization. This type of decision making activity affects the environment in an organization. The integrated feedback system helps in managing the future decision in an organization. This type of decision making style affects the regular iterative cycles and regular assessment of the reaction and impact of any decision. In psychology,decision-makingis observed as thecognitiveprocess which results in mixture of a principle or a course of action amongst some alternative promises.Decision-makingprocess helps in producing an ultimate choice which may or may not be a quick act (Merig and Gil-Lafuente, 2010). Normative Decisions are based on the ability to communicate rationally. It means that decisions are believed to be concluded out of the shared logic among the people. Vroom acknowledged five types of decision-making procedures, which depends on the participation made by the variety of leaders Decide: The leader formulates the decision or solves the crisis alone and proclaims his decision to the group. Later the leader gather the information from the group(Bazerman, M.H. and Moore, D.A., 2008.). Consult (individual) The leader reaches the individual group member and tells them about the problem. The leader accounts the group members proposals and makes a decision according to the information collected from different people. The leader under this approach compiles the relevant information as per the source (Malakooti, 2010). Consult (group) The leader holds a group meeting where he keeps the problem to the group. The members are asked to add and make proposals during the meeting. The leader makes his decision as per the requirements. The leader has all rights to choose or to discard suggestion made by the team. Facilitate Under this approach the leader put forward the problem in front of the people in the group. He conducts a meeting to find an appropriate resolution through the team efforts. This theory is different from the consult (group) theory as here leader takes an opinion of every individual present in the group unlike the previous case (Adair, J2010). Delegate The leader does contribute in the decision-making process. The leader delegates the problem to other for seeking the relevant decision. This process helps in encouraging the employees for a quick decision making. The employees are independent to take decision (Chelst and Canbolat, 2011). Cognitive theories Each theory has its own importance while finding a relevant solution. In case of decision making a correct approach towards a problem is appreciable while making a correct decision. From a cognitive perspective there are certain models which are useful for shaping the decision making in an organization (Saaty, 2008). These styles are useful for proper utilization of the resources available with an organization. This stylist model helps in a quick decision making under the prevailing situations (Frederick, 2005). Optimizing Vs. Satisfying Decision making depend upon the variable information rests with an individual. In case if a person has limited information it is difficult to find an appropriate objective. Decision making are highly affected under certain situation. A person finds difficulty in framing the correct solution as per the given information. Satisficerwill try to recognize s necessary flaw, and favor quicker other than less ideal choices while a maximizer will opt for a long time to find an optimal solution to the problem. This can be observed as a variety, and each decision is viewed with changeable intensity of excellence (Bruce, 2016). Intuitive vs. Rational This approach is given by Daniel Kahneman. There are two separate minds which compete with each other in order to succeed or to influence each other. One part is the conscious and the other is subconscious outlook. The subconscious mind (referred to as System 1) is mechanical and instinctive which quickly consolidates data and produce a decision immediately. The conscious mind (referred to as System 2) needs more endeavor andcontribution, using logic and motivation to create an unambiguous preference. Combinatorial vs. Positional This relationship was forwarded by Aron Katsenelinboigenwhich is based on the game of chess where the two players compete against each other. The player uses series of decision to make the final decision. Each decision taken during the procedure is important while making any further decision. The positional decision-making approach is uncertain keeping in mind the concrete objective related to the object. Each move from this kind of player would make the most of alternatives as divergent to follow a result (Rapoport, 2013). The Garbage Can Model The Garbage Can Model of organizational choice was created by Cohen, March and Oslen. The Garbage Can Model agrees with the prototype or flow of multiple decisions in an organization. The model was developed due to the pattern of the decision making in organization due to high level of uncertainty. It is developed due to the ambiguous behavior which is related to the ambiguous behavior that contradicts the classical theory (Yu, 2013). The Garbage Can Model is highly prejudiced by the comprehension that tremendous cases of aggregate uncertainty in decision making environments activate behavioral reactions. It appears irrational from a distance which, at least from a distance, appear "irrational" or not in agreement with the global rationality. An organized lawlessness is caused due to Problematic inclinations, uncertain, inadequately unstated knowledge, and Turnover (Dietrich, 2010) The theoretical Garbage Can Model disconnects problems, solutions and decision makers from each other. Specific decision makings caused due to a series of decision making related to the various aspects connected with the problem. Problems Problems require special attention by the manager in a decision making process. They are the consequence of performance gaps while deciding the future. Thus, problems may originate inside or outside the organization. The problem may occur inside or outside the organization. Every problem needs a systematic dealing with a problem (harrison, 2012) Solutions Solutions are the answer to the appropriate problem. It depend upon the way a person deal with the problem. A solution depends upon the outlook of a manager which is essentially to be given priority while resolving the issue. Choice opportunities These are the best appropriate alternative necessary for an organization. There are various alternatives available while taking a decision related to the problem. It is the duty of the manager to find a most appropriate way to choose an appropriate alternative (bazerman, m.h. and moore, d.a., 2008.). Participants Participants vary from one problem to other. It depends upon those for whom decision is been taken. The organizational decision making is a random quality undertaken to retrieve a most appropriate result. When a problem happens a solution is proposed by the participants .equal opportunities is given to every member in the staff to create a sense of responsibility in an organization (brest and krieger, 2010). Carnegie model The Carnegie model was founded by Richard Cyert, James March and Herbert Simon. This model helped to devise a rational approach to individual decision making. It helped in providing new insights about organizational decisions. An organizational decision involves decision taken by the managers in an organization. Managers are solely responsible to take decision in the behalf of the whole staff. . The coalition process has several steps: Firstly it starts with satisfactory decision that is used to achieve goals. Secondly an instant environment for determining a problem is suggested by managers. The appropriate solution related to the problem can be discussed among the staff by bargaining the current situation. Coalition is a major part of organizational decision making process. The solution formed during this process is rapid, simple and cost efficient. These two models are used to solve the problem of decision-making in an organization. These methodology forms an effective part of a decision making process by systematic implementation of policies. Conclusion Decision making process helps the manager to choose one desired action from the given available situation. In the given report the decision making process is taken by the manager through different techniques, tools etc. additional decisions are made keeping in mind the goal of the organization. There are three styles which are involved in decision making process. These are psychological, cognitive and normative approach. These approach forms a major part of the decision making process. It helps in making a quick decision for the welfare of the organization. Decision making is a difficult process which involves dissatisfaction of various parties whose interest is involved with the decision. The Garbage Can model and Carnegie model are the two effective models used to systematically execute the desired problem related to the given solution. The manager has to apply his skills while making the decision related to the particular object. References Adair,J.(2010). Decision Making and Problem Solving Strategies Volume 9 of Creating Success. Kogan Page Publishers Bazerman, M.H. and Moore, D.A., 2008. Judgment in managerial decision making. Bouyssou,D. et al.(2013) Decision Making Process: Concepts and Methods. John Wiley Sons Brest,P. and Krieger,L.(2010). Problem Solving, Decision Making, and Professional Judgment: A Guide for Lawyers and Policymakers. OUP USA Bruce,P.(2016). Understanding Decision-making Processes in Airline Operations Control. Routledge Chai, J., Liu, J.N. and Ngai, E.W., 2013. Application of decision-making techniques in supplier selection: A systematic review of literature. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(10), pp.3872-3885. Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. and Rhodes, E., 1978. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European journal of operational research, 2(6), pp.429-444. Chelst,K. and Canbolat,Y.(2011). Value-Added Decision Making for Managers. CRC Press Coscarelli,W. and Johnson,D.(2007). Decison-Making Style Inventory, Participant's Workbook. John Wiley Sons Decision Making,(2016). (Online) Available at : https://www.mindtools.com/pages/main/newMN_TED.htm (Accessed On: 7/11/16) Decision-Making Styles(2016).(Online) Available at : https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/decision-making-10/decision-making-in-management-75/decision-making-styles-367-1521/ (Accessed On: 7/11/16) Dietrich,C.(2010). Decision Making: Factors that Influence Decision Making, Heuristics Used, and Decision Outcomes. ).(Online) Available at : https://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/180/decision-making-factors-that-influence-decision-making-heuristics-used-and-decision-outcomes (Accessed On: 7/11/16) Frederick, S., 2005. Cognitive reflection and decision making. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(4), pp.25-42. Harrison,R.(2012). The Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice: Looking Forward at Forty Research in the sociology of organizations. Emerald Group Publishing How to Make Decisions, (2016).(Online) Available at : https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTED_00.htm (Accessed On: 7/11/16) Malakooti,B.(2010). Decision making process: typology, intelligence, and optimization. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing June 2012, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp 733746 Merig, J.M. and Gil-Lafuente, A.M., 2010. New decision-making techniques and their application in the selection of financial products. Information Sciences, 180(11), pp.2085-2094. Nutt,P. and Wilson,D.(2010). Handbook of Decision Making. John Wiley Sons Rapoport,A.(2013). Decision Theory and Decision Behaviour: Normative and Descriptive Approaches. Springer Science Business Media Saaty, T.L., 2008. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International journal of services sciences, 1(1), pp.83-98. Sanayei, A., Mousavi, S.F. and Yazdankhah, A., 2010. Group decision making process for supplier selection with VIKOR under fuzzy environment. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(1), pp.24-30. Yu, P.L., 2013. Multiple-criteria decision making: concepts, techniques, and extensions (Vol. 30). Springer Science Business Media.

Restaurant feasibility report free essay sample

The information has been provided on ‘as is where is’ basis without any warranties or assertions as to the correctness or soundness thereof. Although, due care and diligence has been taken to compile this document, the contained information may vary due to any change in any of the concerned factors, and the actual results may differ substantially from the presented information. SMEDA, its employees or agents do not assume any liability for any financial or other loss resulting from this memorandum in consequence of undertaking this activity. The contained  information does not preclude any further professional advice. The prospective user of this memorandum is encouraged to carry out additional diligence and gather any information which is necessary for making an informed decision including taking professional advice from a qualified consultant / technical expert before taking any decision to act upon the information. For more information on services offered by SMEDA, please contact our website: www. We will write a custom essay sample on Restaurant feasibility report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page smeda. org. pk SMEDA Services / Information related to PM’s Youth Business Loan are FREE OF COST The objective of the pre-feasibility study is primarily to facilitate potential entrepreneurs in project identification for investment. The project pre-feasibility may form the basis of an important investment decision and in order to serve this objective, the document / study covers various aspects of project concept development, start-up, production, marketing, finance and business management. The purpose of this document is to facilitate potential investors in Restaurant Cum Fast Food Restaurant (Take Away) business by providing them with a general understanding of the business with the intention of supporting potential investors in crucial investment decisions. The need to come up with pre-feasibility reports for undocumented or minimally documented sectors attains greater imminence as the research that precedes such reports reveal certain thumb rules; best practices developed  by existing enterprises by trial and error, and certain industrial norms that become a guiding source regarding various aspects of business set-up and it’s successful management. Apart from carefully studying the whole document, one must consider critical aspects provided later on, which form basis of any investment decision. 3. INTRODUCTION TO SMEDA The Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA) was established in October 1998 with an objective to provide fresh impetus to the economy through development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). With a mission to assist in employment generation and value addition to the national income, through development of the SME sector, by helping increase the number, scale and competitiveness of SMEs, SMEDA has carried out ‘sectoral research’ to identify policy, access to finance, business development services, strategic initiatives and institutional collaboration and networking initiatives. Preparation and dissemination of prefeasibility studies in key areas of investment has been a hallmark of SME facilitation by SMEDA. Concurrent to the prefeasibility studies, a broad spectrum of business development services is also offered to the SMEs by SMEDA. These services include identification of experts and consultants and delivery of need based capacity building programs of different types in addition to business guidance through help desk services. Prime Minister’s Youth Business Loan for young entrepreneurs, with an allocated budget of Rs. 5.0 Billion for the year 2013-14, is designed to provide subsidised financing at 8% mark-up per annum for one hundred thousand (100,000) beneficiaries, by designated financial institutions, initially by National Bank of Pakistan (NBP) and First Women Bank Ltd. (FWBL). Loans from Rs. 0. 1 million to Rs. 2. 0 million, with tenure up to 8 years, inclusive of 1 year grace period and a debt: equity of 90 : 10 will be disbursed to SME beneficiaries across Pakistan, covering; Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah, Balochistan, Gilgit Baltistan, Azad Jammu Kashmir and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). 5. The fast food restaurant is proposed to be established at a location that has a continuous stream of traffic, convenient parking, and is in proximity to other businesses, preferably near densely populated middle income areas or flat complexes. Major cities like Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Multan, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Gujrat, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Hub and Quetta etc. are suitable to house the project. Common menu items at the proposed fast food outlet include sandwiches, burgers, fried chicken, Chinese soups, Chinese rice variants, French fries, salad and cold drinks. The fast food restaurant will have an installed capacity to serve 335 clients per day; however, the restaurant would initially start business with 140-150 clients. 10 personnel would be required to manage the operations of fast food restaurant. Total Cost Estimates are Rs. 2. 20 million with a fixed investment of Rs. 1. 88 million and an initial working capital requirement of Rs. 0. 32 million. Given the cost assumptions, internal rate of Return (IRR) and payback are 54% and 2. 25 years respectively. The most critical considerations or factors for success of the project are: 1. Choosing the right location for the fast food outlet 2. Creating the right menu and menu pricing 3. Hiring experienced cooks and staff 4. Knowing the competition SMEDA Services / Information related to PM’s Youth Business Loan are FREE OF COST 4 Pre-Feasibility Study Restaurant Cum Fast Food (Take Away) 6. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND PRODUCT Fast food is a name given to food which is prepared with preheated or precooked ingredients and served to customers in a packaged form for take-away or dine in. Many fast-food restaurants operate chains or franchise operations, where standardized foodstuff is shipped to each restaurant from a central location. There are also simpler fast-food outlets, such as stands or kiosks, which may or may not provide seating arrangements for customers. As capital requirements to start a fast-food restaurant are relatively low, individually-owned fast-food restaurants have become popular and common throughout Pakistan. Market growth largely depends on demographics, urbanization, changing lifestyle patterns and demand for convenience. Thus all these variables determine the potential of fast food business. The proposed setup with used fast food cooking machinery including fryers, grilling machine, soup containers and pre-processing equipment would serve popular fast food and Chinese cuisine. †¢ Location: The business is envisaged to be established as a fast food takeaway/outlet, with limited seating capacity on rented premises/shop of around 500 sqft. , near a densely populated area suitable for fast food. Major cities like Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Multan, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Gujrat, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Peshawar, Hub or Quetta etc.  soups, have been selected to be served separately or as combo meals through the outlet. The restaurant is proposed to have an installed capacity of serving 335 customer per day but is estimated to start with 140-150 customers per day. †¢ Target Market: The middle income segment of major cities such as Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Multan, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Gujrat, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Peshawar, Hub or Quetta etc.  is the target market for the business. †¢ Employment Generation: employment to 10 people. The proposed project will provide direct 7. CRITICAL FACTORS Whether an entrepreneur is opening a one-of-a-kind no-frills fast food restaurant or trying to expand an existing fast food outlet into a multi-unit chain, there are SMEDA Services / Information related to PM’s Youth Business Loan are FREE OF COST 5 Pre-Feasibility Study Restaurant Cum Fast Food (Take Away) winning principles that can improve the chances of success. Some key success factors are as follows: Selecting the right location and layout Hiring well experienced staff especially cooks and servers Quality Hygiene Creating the right menu Menu pricing Operational food quality consistency Knowing the competition 8. INSTALLED AND OPERATIONAL CAPACITIES In the fast food restaurant business, the installed capacities are mainly dependant on the location and layout of the outlet, service style, food concept and the target market. The proposed fast food business is envisaged to be established as a take-away outlet with limited seating capacity around it. The restaurant is expected to serve around 335 customers in a day. At start up, the operational capacities are estimated to be around 140-150 clients. Once the fast food gains popularity and acceptance, sales are expected to increase with the same installed capacity. 9. GEOGRAPHICAL POTENTIAL FOR INVESTMENT In recent years, much of the expansion in the fast food business has been in the form of satellite outlets. These tend to be smaller in size, with little or no seating capacity, and are often in nontraditional locations, such as office buildings, department stores, airports, and gasoline stations i.e. locations chosen specifically to maximize convenience and consumer accessibility. It is important to find a location that has a continuous stream of traffic, convenient parking, and is in proximity to other businesses or densely populated middle income areas / apartment buildings, where the target market is available. Here are some factors to consider when deciding on a location to e stablish a fast food outlet: †¢ †¢ Anticipated sales volume. Estimate the sales potential of a location. Accessibility and visibility. Consider how easy it will be for customers to get to the outlet. If an entrepreneur is relying on strong pedestrian traffic, it SMEDA Services / Information related to PM’s Youth Business Loan are FREE OF COST 6 Pre-Feasibility Study Restaurant Cum Fast Food (Take Away) should be considered whether or not nearby businesses will generate foot traffic. †¢ The rent-paying capacity of the business. Sales-and-profit projections give a fair idea of how much revenue can be generated. This information can be used to decide how much rent can be paid. †¢ Restrictive ordinances. Unusually restrictive ordinances can encountered that make an otherwise strong site less than ideal. †¢ Traffic density. Two factors are especially important in this analysis: total pedestrian traffic during business hours and the percentage of it that is likely to patronize the food service business. †¢ Customer parking facilities. The site should provide convenient and adequate parking and easy access for customers. †¢ Proximity to other businesses. Neighboring businesses may influence the fast food’s sales volume, and their presence can have both positive and negative implications. †¢ History of the site. The recent history of each site under consideration should be ascertained before making a final selection. †¢ Terms of the lease. All the details of the lease must be carefully read, as it is possible to encounter unacceptable lease terms for an otherwise excellent site. †¢ Future development. The local Development Authority / Planning Board should be consulted to check if any development is planned for the future that could affect the business, such as bridges, underpasses or any construction restricting accessibility. be 10. POTENTIAL TARGET MARKETS / CUTOMERS The fast food restaurant market is a growing segment in Pakistan relying heavily on the changing lifestyle patterns, population growth of the target age group and increase in employment of women. The fast food consumption has also increased due to increase in the employment rate of male / female population aged between 20 to 45 years (fast food goers). In todays hectic urban lifestyles, demand for convenience dominates all other preferences. People want quick and convenient meals. They do not want to spend a lot of time preparing meals, traveling to pick up meals, or waiting for meals in restaurants. As a result, consumers rely on fast food. However, the major chunk of fast-food goers, the middle income segment, prefers visiting outlets that offer fast food at affordable prices. Fast Food outlets tend to focus on the â€Å"work while you eat† or â€Å"shop while SMEDA Services / Information related to PM’s Youth Business Loan are FREE OF COST 7 Pre-Feasibility Study Restaurant Cum Fast Food (Take Away) you eat† philosophy and fast food restaurants are rapidly becoming the eateries everyone can agree on, with many featuring menu combos for children, play areas and fancy branding campaigns, designed to appeal to younger customers. 11. PROCESS FLOW The service delivery diagram of the proposed fast food restaurant is as follows. Service Process Drive through customer Place order ? Front desk ? Walk in customer Meal preparation Main course (Grill/Fry meat Fry rice curry Prepare/heat soup Order in queue Takeaway Assembling order Server Sideline preparation SMEDA Services / Information related to PM’s Youth Business Loan are FREE OF COST Dine-in 8 Pre-Feasibility Study Restaurant Cum Fast Food (Take Away) 12. PROJECT COST SUMMARY A detailed financial model has been developed to analyze the commercial viability of this project. Various costs and revenue related assumptions along with results of the analysis are outlined in this section. The projected Income Statement, Cash Flow Statement and Balance Sheet are attached as annexure. 12. 1 Project Economics The following table shows internal rates of return and payback period for fastfood restaurant starting operations with 140-150 clients. Table 1 Project Economics Description Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Payback Period (yrs) Net Present Value (NPV) Details 54% 2 . 25 years Rs 6,997,879 Returns on the project and its profitability are highly dependent on the location, quality of food and service, efficiency of the service team, interest of the owner manager and competition. Waiting area Total Area Area (Sqft. ) 350 100 25 25 500 Cost of Renovation Amount (Rs. ) 175,000 30,000 20,500 7,500 233,000 The proposed premise would be acquired on rental basis with 3 months deposit and 3 months advance rent after which, rent will be payable every month. The monthly rent is estimated at approximately Rs. 85 / Sq. feet amounting to Rs. 42,500 per month for the proposed fast food outlet (500 Sq Ft. ). The premise renovation costs of Rs. 233,000/- would be depreciated at the rate of 10% per annum using diminishing balance method. Machinery and Equipment Fast-food machines are easily available in the local market but the entrepreneur also has the choice to select from international brands such as Spinzer, Frymaster, Henny Penny, Lincoln, Ayrking, Keating, Mirror, Carpigiani, Lincat, Morretti, Ilsa, Round-Up, Sanyo, Elettrobar etc. Chinese brands have gained popularity over the years and can also be considered. The machines can be purchased through international vendors with a minimum delivery period of 3 months while refurbished / reconditioned machines are also available.

Biological Weapons - Description and Potential List

Biological Weapons - Description and Potential List Biological Weapons Biological weapons are toxic materials produced from pathogenic organisms (usually microbes) or artificially manufactured toxic substances that are used to intentionally interfere with the biological processes of a host. These substances work to kill or incapacitate the host. Biological weapons may be used to target living organisms including humans, animals, or vegetation. They may also be used to contaminate nonliving substances such as air, water and soil. Microscopic Weapons There are a variety of microorganisms that can be used as biological weapons. Agents are commonly chosen because they are highly toxic, easily obtainable and inexpensive to produce, easily transferable from person to person, can be dispersed in aerosol form, or have no known vaccine. Common microbes used as biological weapons include: Bacteria -  these prokaryotic organisms  are capable of infecting cells and causing disease. Bacteria cause diseases such as anthrax and botulism. Viruses - are  about 1,000 times smaller than bacteria and require a host to replicate. They are responsible for disease including smallpox,  flesh-eating disease, Ebloa disease, and Zika disease. Fungi - some of these  eukaryotic organisms  contain deadly toxins that are harmful to plants, animals, and humans. They cause diseases such as  rice blast, wheat  stem rust,  aspergillosis (caused by inhaling fungal  spores), and bovine foot rot. Toxins - poisonous substances that can be extracted from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. Toxic substances that can be used as biological weapons include ricin and venom from animals such as snakes and spiders. Distribution Methods While it is possible to develop biological weapons from microbes,  finding a means of distributing the substances is difficult. One possible way is through aerosols. This can be ineffective as the materials often get clogged when spraying. Biological agents distributed by air may also be destroyed by UV light or rain may wash them away. Another method of distribution may be to attach the toxins to a bomb so that they may be released upon explosion. The problem with this is that the microbes will most likely be destroyed by the explosion as well. Toxins could be used to contaminate food and water supplies. This method would require extremely large amounts of toxin for a large scale attack. Protective Measures A number of measures can be taken to protect individuals against biological attacks. Should an aerosol attack occur, removing your clothing and showering are good methods for removing toxins. Biological weapons dont typically adhere to clothing or skin, but can be dangerous should they enter cuts or lesions on the skin. Protective clothing, such as masks and gloves, can provide protection against airborne particles. Other types of protective measures include administering  antibiotics and vaccines. Potential Biological Weapons Below is a list of a few biological organisms that may potentially be used as biological weapons. Microbe Natural Environment Target Host Mode of Contraction Diseases/Symptoms Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Soil Humans, Domestic Animals Open Wounds, Inhalation Pulmonary Anthrax Septicemia, Flu-like symptoms Clostridium botulinum Soil Humans Contaminated Food or Water, Inhalation Clostridium perfringens Intestines of humans and other animals, Soil Humans, Domestic Animals Open Wounds Gas gangrene, Severe Abdominal Cramps, Diarrhea RICIN Protein Toxin Extracted from Castor Bean Plants Humans Contaminated Food or Water, Inhalation, Injection Severe Abdominal Pain, Watery and Bloody Diarrhea, Vomiting, Weakness, Fever, Cough, and Pulmonary Edema Smallpox Eradicated from Nature, Now Obtained from Laboratory Stockpiles Humans Direct Contact with Bodily Fluids or Contaminated Objects, Inhalation Persistent Fever, Vomiting, Rash on Tongue and in Mouth, Rash and Bumps on Skin

In may 2010 the people of britain elected a new government, which was Essay

In may 2010 the people of britain elected a new government, which was a historic moment in British politics. Explain what has ch - Essay Example After one year of power people have now begun to weigh the change in terms of their aspirations and ambitions materialized. Though it might be considered a little early to evaluate the change, nonetheless the change is yet not as evident as masses desired it to be. Specially, the change in student fee structure has disappointed a large majority of public. The raise was fully backed by the Conservatives and partially by the Liberal Democrat MPs. The main idea is to give universities more financial liberty to face the challenges of the technological advancements and other changes at global level and thereby improve the quality of education. As the Prime Minister David Cameron has said in an interview, â€Å"We won't go back. Look, even if we wanted to, we shouldn't go back to the idea that university is free.† (Guardian, 2010) Thought the intend is good behind the change in fee structure but it is not gradual as most of the critics have pointed out. The maximum allowable annual fee is now ?9,000 which is too much for many poor students. The universities have shown there intend to increase the fees to a maximum allowable limit which can adversely affect the education system. The liberty provided by the government to these universities is said to be more than the needful.

Exam revision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exam revision - Assignment Example The best distribution channel strategy for a new toothpaste brand is a direct channel of producer – agent – customer. For a new product like a toothpaste in this case , all the 4 P’s of marketing, that is product, price, promotion and place have to be considered. A modification of the traditional producer, Producers, Wholesalers, Retailers which most consumer products like tooth pastes use. The producer appoints sales agents who go to the field and sell directly to the customers. As they do so, they are marketing the new product to the people since the product does not have many existing customers. This can also be aided by using internet facilities where the product information is stipulated. It is also important that effective communication in the website be enabled that so that there is constant feedback and response to the customers questions. Direct selling is important because there is a lot of competition from the existing market leaders e.g. unilever. The customers may also not trust the new product if for example it is just lying in the retailers store. Direct selling enables the agent to explain and convince the customer. This will secure the trust of the customers and cause market penetration of the toothpaste. In a bid to attract and retain customers to their brands, companies use marketing use all or a fraction of the marketing mix. They include advertising, personal selling, promotional selling, direct marketing and public relations. There a multiplicity of factors to consider before deciding on the strategy. Generally, to decide a communication mix for Barclays Bank and Levis jeans, the following should be considered:

Primary Health Care - Indigenous Australian Inequalities Essay Example for Free

Primary Health Care Indigenous Australian Inequalities Essay Page 1 The World Health Organisation (World Health Organisation, 2008) states that the indigenous peoples of Australia are one of the most disadvantaged indigenous groups in the developed world. The health of the Indigenous population of Australia is an increasingly pressing issue. Current research and statistics reveals great inequality in many areas of health care and health status between the Aboriginal people and the general population of Australia. Couzos and Murray (2008, p.29) report that the Indigenous population has â€Å"the worst health status of any identifiable group in Australia, and the poorest access to health systems. † This paper will examine the underlying historical contexts and contributing factors that have lead to the current disparity between the health of the Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians. Furthermore, the high prevalence of chronic health issues such as diabetes will be analysed and community health initiatives that are needed or currently being enacted will be identified. Many reasons for the current appalling state of health and wellbeing of the Australian Aboriginal people can be explained by examining their recent history to the devastating impacts of colonisation, genocidal policy, loss of land and years of oppression. These several hundred years of cultural destruction, dispossession and social and political upheaval have resulted in generations of trauma and grief (Burke, 2006, para. 4). As reported by Forsyth (2007, p.35-36), government policies enacted towards the indigenous population in the early 20th Century were concerned primarily with protection and segregation, as the prevailing attitude of the time was that the Indigenous people were largely inferior and were unable to care for themselves. Forsyth continues to explain of the injustice created by the New South Wales parliament with the Aborigines Protection Act of 1909, in which â€Å"every aspect of their lives was governed, regulated and controlled† (Forsyth, 2007, p. 36). Furthermore the Indigenous people of this era were not able to imbibe alcohol, own property, vote or cohabit with non-Indigenous people, and the state of their health was largely ignored due to the belief that they were a dying race. (Couzos et. Page 2 al. 2008, p. 3). Due to this essentially complete lack of health care, Forsyth describes the Aboriginal people of the era living on the outskirts of larger towns as suffering from high rates of blindness, infectious diseases, bone diseases and sexually transmitted infections (Forsyth, 2007, p.36). The severity of these health issues was made worse by fear and distrust of the Aboriginal people towards hospitals and white people (Forsyth, 2007, p. 37). As the 20th Century progressed it became obvious that the Aboriginal population was not a soon to be extinct race as earlier thought, and new political policy calling for assimilation and integration reflected this change, though protectionist and segregationist policies remained influential or continued until the 1970s (Couzos et.al. 2008, p. 4). In the 1960s attitudes of Australian society began to became more concerned for the wellbeing Indigenous people, with increased social conciousness and awareness spreading throughout the Western World. As a result of increasing political activity and demonstration, many Aboriginals were forced off stations in 1966, causing a large movement of Indigenous people to more urban areas such as Redfern (Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 7). This sudden increase in numbers highlighted the need for proper health care and services, with the first Aboriginal health service established in 1971. Throughout the 1970s an increase in research and reporting of Aboriginal health resulted in many state and commonwealth reports all with the same conclusion, that the health status of Aboriginal communities was appalling and that there was great â€Å"need for increased priority, increased resourcing, better coordination, and increased Aboriginal community participation and control† (Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 10). However very little action was taken until the 1990s2000s where relevant political policy was brought in and funding made available for Aboriginal health services, though they mostly remain inadequately funded and Aboriginal health care is still largely unrepresented and avoided by the Australian Government. The ongoing effects of racist and unjust political policy and action can in part explain current aspects of dysfunction and overall disadvantage that occurs in many Indigenous Page 3 communities today. Specifically this disadvantage is evident in many areas of community life, with Indigenous people being generally exposed to more risk factors for poor health than other Australians (Thomson, MacRae, Burns, Catto, Debuyst, Krom, Midford, Potter, Ride, Stumpers and Urquhart, 2010, para. 49). Examples of risk factors include social factors such as dispossession, dislocation and discrimination, educational factors such as poor schooling, resulting in much lower literacy and numeracy skills, economic factors such as lower income and higher unemployment, access to good quality health care and GPs, and physical environmental factors such as poor and overcrowded housing. Together these disadvantages provide for a higher likelihood of poor lifestyle choices such as alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use, a poor and unbalanced diet, obesity and a lack of regular exercise (Thomson et. al. 2010, para. 49, Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 79). Poor access to good quality health care is one of the key predictors for the prevalence of poor health in a community. There are very few GPs available in remote locations, and as a result of no or little access to professional health care providers, these remote areas are susceptible to poor health awareness and knowledge. As reported by Thomson et. al. (2010, para. 3), almost one-quarter of Indigenous people are classified as living in a remote area with very little access to goods and services or opportunities for social interaction. Couzos et. al. (2008, p. 18) also consider poor access to GPs as shown by a 2000-2001 survey of GPs. As reported, only 0. 8% of GP visits were by Indigenous people, though they make up 2. 6% of the general population. Furthermore, more than 70% of GPs did not see a single Indigenous person during the survey period. This under representation of the Indigenous population visiting GPs indicates a clear need for increased access to professional health care, and is just one factor of many which demonstrates the need for improvement in the health and wellbeing of the Australian Indigenous people. Page 4 Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition which can result in many major long term health complications such as stroke, kidney disease, blindness and greatly reduced life expectancy (Allman, 2008, p. 80, Zeng, 2006, p. 73). Diabetes can be classified into three main types, with the second type, non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) the main form developed as a result of lifestyle factors. As reported by Thomson et. al. (2010, para. 2), NIDDM is currently â€Å"one of the most important health problems for Indigenous populations across Australia†, with only around half of those with the condition know they have it, and the proportion of affected Indigenous population estimated to be around 4 four times that of the general population. Couzos et. al. (2008, p. 525) expand that Aboriginal people are also significantly more likely to develop NIDDM at a much younger age, more likely to be hospitalised, and to die from associated complications. This over representation of diabetes in the Indigenous population is a result of their poor health status and education. Thomson et. al. (2010) report that many studies have linked high levels of obesity among Indigenous populations and high prevalence of NIDDM. The main factors linked to this high levels of obesity are the relatively recent availability of highly processed and sugary Western foods and drinks including alcohol and tobacco use, impaired glucose tolerence, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and a higher level of physical inactivity than non-Indigenous people (Thomson et. al. 2010). Diabetes prevalence is also linked to a lower socioeconomic status, and as previously examined, a high proportion of the Indigenous population suffer from many areas of disadvantage, which results in a lower socioeconomic status. As further explained by Thomson et. al. (2010) these effects are further aggravated by poor health promotion and knowledge, mental illness and stress, early emotional development and social status, and recent trends indicate increasing development and prevalence of NIDDM. Clearly the Aboriginal population is exposed to many risk factors for diabetes and other chronic conditions, and with increasing development trends, explains poor mortality rates and overall poor health status of their communities. Page 5. Community based programs are essential for the improvement of Indigenous health due to the close-knit nature of their culture and often remote location. This was begun in 2003 at national level with the development of The National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, which targeted strengthening of health service infrastructure, accessibility to health services, and health promotion, most importantly the importance of balanced nutrition and regular exercise (Couzos et. al. 2008, p.522, Insel, Ross, McMahon and Bernstein, 2010, p. 653). Cribbes and Glaister (2007, p. 167) describe the importance of health promotion and awareness at the community level, with a focus on re-establishing more traditional food choices and encouraging traditional hunting skills. The traditional Indigenous diet is highly nutritious, being high in protein, low in fat and high in complex carbohydrates, and as considered by Cribbes et. al. (2007, p. 167) is an excellent way to protect against chronic conditions such as diabetes. However the majority of remote Indigenous peoples obtain their food from local stores, thus initiatives such as the Remote Indigenous Stores and Takeaway Project were undertaken to establish minimum healthy eating standards and to educate store managers in nutrition. By empowering local store managers in this way, they are able to further educate the local schools and wider community in healthy eating (Cribbes. et. al. 2007, p. 167). As reported by the Dragon and Anderson (2011, p.28), Close The Gap (CTP) is another national level campaign which has a carry on effect to the community level. CTP aims to resolve the disparity in life expectancy rates and health equality between Aboriginal Australians and the general population, and has been endorsed by federal and state governments. CTP focuses on management of chronic conditions such as diabetes and follow up care. Management and awareness of diabetes is an essential component of improving health standards, and as King (2001, p.147-155) explains, Aboriginal people with diabetes commonly avoid mainstream health services for their health care. This mismanagement can lead to the development of diabetes related complications and greatly reduced quality Page 6 of life and life expectancy. On going strategies and studies identified the need for Aboriginal health workers to deliver community level care and health services for successful diabetes management (King, 2001). In conclusion, Aboriginal health standards have been of an appalling standard for many years due to racist policies, attitudes and in-humane treatment. The damage done and denigration of their lives, families and cultures has only recently began to be repaired by collective efforts nation wide, with a unified goal of self and community-empowerment, improvement of quality of life and living standards. With the expansion and ongoing deliverance of community focused solutions, many risks for ill-health and chronic conditions can be greatly reduced and the health status disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians can in the future be eliminated. Page 7 References: †¢ Allman, T. (2008) Genes disease : diabetes. New York; Infobase Publishing. †¢ Dragon, N. and Anderson, K. (2011). Indigenous health. Australian Nursing Journal, 19(2), 24-8. †¢ Burke, S. (2006). Changing practices, changing paradigms: working effectively with Indigenous clients. Australian Psychological Society. Retrieved October, 5, 2011 from http://www. psychology. org. au/publications/inpsych/changing/ †¢ Couzos, S. Murray, R. (2008). Aboriginal primary health care: An evidence-based approach. South Melbourne; Oxford University Press. †¢ Cribbes. M. and Glaister. K. (2007). Its not easy: caring for Aboriginal clients with diabetes in remote Australia. Contemporary Nurse, 25; 163-172. †¢ Forsyth (2007). Telling stories: nurses, politics and aboriginal australians, circa 19001980s. Contemporary Nurse, 24(1), 33-44. Insel, P. , Ross, D. , McMahon, K. and Bernstein, M. (2010). Nutrition. Massachusetts; Jones and Bartless Publishers. †¢ King, M. (2001). The diabetes health care of Aboriginal people in South Australia. Contemporary Nurse, 10(3,4), 147-155. Page 8 †¢ Thomson N, MacRae A, Burns J, Catto M, Debuyst O, Krom I, Midford. R, Potter C, Ride K, Stumpers S, Urquhart B (2010). Summary of Australian Indigenous health, 2010. Retrieved October. 6, 2011 from http://www. healthinfonet. ecu. edu. au/health-facts/summary †¢ World Health Organization. (2008). Closing the Gap in a generation. Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Commission on Social Determinants of Health Final Report. Retrieved October, 6, 2011 from http://www. who. int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/en /index. html †¢ Zeng, Y. (2006). Longer life and healthy aging. Philadelphia; Springer.

The Real Plague :: essays research papers

The Real Plague Although never given permission to kill, by supernatural or natural means, man has reserved for himself the right to kill other men. This self-imposed right has been put into use in our civilizations and countries. Whether train of logic is offered or not, murder is very difficult to justify. As existentialists believe, "honesty with oneself" cannot be compromised in any shape or form. Why, then, does man murder? Perhaps man tries to use the excuse of good intentions to escape the responsibility for his actions. In Camus ¡Ã‚ ¦, The Plague, Jean Tarrou dares to go against the idea of men having the right to kill other men. He represents a small part of the general public, in both the novel and in real life. While most of the character development is based on the direct conflict with the physical pestilence, Tarrou takes on a more powerful type of plague as well as this corporeal epidemic; his goal is not only of combating the plague which physically robs men of life, but t o suppress the plague which ravages men ¡Ã‚ ¦s hearts, specially his own. To start a task force, one needs people. When Rieux and Tarrou converse, they discuss who to put into the task force. Rieux suggests that maybe Jean should consider using some of the prisoners in the jail to work against the plague. After dealing with plague-stricken men all his life, Tarrou rejects this proposal. Tarrou comments, "I loathe men ¡Ã‚ ¦s being condemned to death," (125). Tarrou ¡Ã‚ ¦s reasoning for that not wanting prisoners to be used deviates from the ordinary. While many would object to prisoners being sent out to work because they do not deserve to be set free. Tarrou has different reasons. Because the plague is equal to death, Tarrou would want no part in forcing men to take part in. He wants volunteers, "free men,"(124) to confront death, not impressed individuals. This reveals an important belief of his of man is to confront death, it should be by his own desires and choices, not by something which "fancies it knows everything and the refore claims for itself the right to kill," (131). Many people would believe that the prisoners deserve to die. After all, these men are the worst mankind has to offer, and the world may even be a better place without them. This is the type of rationale one uses to assume he "knows everything.

Ethical problem in psychological research Essay

One very common ethical problem in psychological research is participants falling to answer question which they consider to be very personal (Michell, 1999). When conducting psychological research, the researcher is required to interview the respondents on each and every issue he considers suitable. Some questions posed could be very personal. This makes the respondent feel ashamed of answering the questions or he may feel that his personal life is being interfered with. The researcher needs to be very careful when asking the questions. He should understand the temperament of the respondent before asking the questions. People are normally different. There are some peoples who are hot tempered and others who are not. When approaching some one for an interview, as a researcher I should put on a smiling face. Smile is believed to be the shortest distance between peoples even between enemies. I as a researcher I should understand the mood the respondent is in. By understanding the mood of the researcher I would avoid any unnecessary disagreements, which might make me not get the information I am looking for. If the respondent is in a bad mood, I will try to approach him in a decent manner such that I may make his bad mood capsize. In each and every research, choice of language is very vital. Polite language may make a respondent who is not even willing to give answers to change his attitude and provide answers. Immediately I encounter some potential respondents, I should introduce myself. It defeats equity and common sense reasoning, to go straight to interviewing respondents immediately. As a good researcher I should great them. By so doing I will win their confidence and every doubt they could be having about me is dismissed. Dressing is an important aspect as for as research is concerned. Dressing does not only make one decent but also makes one look genuine in what he is doing. The participants may cease to participate in the research. The participants have the following responsibilities: They should explain to you why they wish to leave, so that you can conduct a debriefing. The participants may wish you to complete the research because you would not again ask personal question. When I am faced with an ethical problem there are some steps I would follow so as to solve it. In the very first I would determine whether there is an ethical issue. I would determine if in one way or another I have infringed one’s rights or values. If so I would ask for forgiveness and a lasting solution is reached at. Secondly I would identify the key values and principles involved. I would typically assess the meanings and limitations apparent to these competing values. Thirdly I would rank the values or ethical principles, which in my professional judgment are relevant to the issues. For example if one is doing a research on the, workers who are getting a monthly salary of $200, a question about salary scales have to be asked. It would sound unethical to ask a person how much he gets. Fourthly I would develop an action plan that is consistent with ethical priorities that have been determined, as crucial to the research. In my mind I will have several alternatives to present to the participant incase they react negatively. In the fifth step, I would implement my plan utilizing the most appropriate practice, skills and competencies. I would employ some tactics like sensitive communication, skillful negotiation and cultural competence. Lastly I would reflect on the outcome of this ethical decision making process. An ethical review committee or ethics team is necessary. These committees will provide counseling to those aggrieved.

Suicide Suicide And Depression - 1389 Words

Suicide and Depression in Prisons Suicide is the leading cause of death in prisons across the United States (Marzaro, Hawton, Rivlin, Fazel, 2011). According to the United States Department of Justice, nearly 23% of state prisoners report symptoms of depression each year (Pardini et al., 2014). With, one out of seven inmates met the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (Pardini et al., 2014). Marzaro, Hawton, Rivlin, and Fazel (2011) proposed that probable representations of prison suicide suggest that suicidal behaviors are rarely the cause of a single stressor. But, consequently suicidal death is dependent on several factors; therefore, developing models of safety and prevention would help decrease the number of†¦show more content†¦Once an initial question is developed, literature search should be done to find out scholarly information about the topic. A literature review begins using the EBSCO host service via Walden University Library. The databases util ized were Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health with Full Text (CINAHL Plus), PsychArticles, PsychiatryOnline, and PubMed, (Walden University, n.d.b). Keywords such prison, prisoners, inmates, depression, and suicide was utilized for an advanced search of databases in EBSCO. Also, keywords such as quantitative and qualitative study, and systemic review were used to retrieve literature related to my PICOT question. Evidenced Based Research on Suicide and Depression in Prisons Both Beyen, Dadi, Dachew, Muluneh, and Bisetegn (2017) and Hawton, Comabella, Haw and Sanders (2013) revealed over the past years, prisons have become populated with inmates diagnosed with the mental illness-depression. In both studies, Beyen et al. (2017) and Hawton et al. (2013) noted factors for near-lethal suicide included concerns with sentencing, prison transfers, medical and mental care, discrimination due to criminal acts, and previous psychiatric problems. Also, equally, both affirmed similar other factors listed by suicidal inmates to include lack of social support, the type of facility, and having no tobacco products during incarcerationShow MoreRelatedSuicide and Depression1482 Words   |  6 Pagestheir own health and wellbeing such as living with depression and suicide. Teenagers today are relying on what they see in ads, T.V., magazines and on the internet for their input on appearances, the way they think not only comes from media sources, but from family and frien ds. Just how does family and friends play a role in depression and suicide? Families and friends play a great role in our existences. If parents show signs of depression, and suicide the predisposition is that, their child may developRead MoreTeenage Depression and Suicide1246 Words   |  5 Pagescancer.† — These descriptions are how Cait Irwin, who suffered from depression as a teenager, described it. Teenage depression is a common but serious illness that can ultimately send some on a downward spiral towards suicide that can be averted if recognized and given the proper treatment. Countless teenagers experience some type of depression in their lifetime, but what exactly is depression and just how common is it? â€Å"Depression is a mental disorder that involves being either sad or irritable nearlyRead MoreDepression and Suicide Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesDepression and Suicide Depression affects everyones life at sometime or another. Depression comes in a wide variety of forms, from mild unhappiness to a chemical imbalance in the mind. There are many different symptoms that reveal a persons problem with depression. 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Teen suicide has moreRead MoreCase Study : Depression And Suicide Ideations With A Suicide Plan1106 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study: Depression and Suicide Ideations with a Suicide Plan This case study is on client, Harold, referred to Greenbrier Behavioral Health Center, an intensive outpatient program (IOP), from Greenbrier Behavioral Health Hospital. The client is a 43 year old, retired, white male, living in Slidell, Louisiana. His highest level of education is a GED. He is married with two children ages 8 and 12. He recently retired after more than 20 years from the police force. Harold is overweight, wearingRead MoreResearch Paper : Depression And Suicide1539 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper: Depression and Suicide Imagine in a place where everyone that you knew all displayed depression and everyone lead to giving up. And you were the only one that saw the world as a beautiful place. How would you help others in need? 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Over 90% of people who die by suicide have clinical depression or another diagnosable mental disorder. Many times, people who die by suicide have an alcohol or substance abuse problem. Often they have that problem in combination with other mental disorders. Warning Signs: †¢ Always talking or thinking about death †¢ Clinical depression -- deep sadness, loss of interest trouble sleeping and eating -- that gets worseRead MoreThe Effects Of Counseling On Suicide And Depression3763 Words   |  16 PagesNo heading or header or title. All must be present in the final submission. Consult WRITER for the correct formatting. The Effects of Counseling on Suicide and Depression Counseling has been a part of history dating back to biblical times. The Old Testament and New Testament tell stories of prophets, apostles and preachers who offered their help to people that needed it. 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